Submucosal Mitomycin C Injection in the Endoscopic Treatment of Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Experience of a Tertiary Center

Background/Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of submucosal mitomycin C (MMC) injection as an adjunct in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). Methods: All patients affected by LTS receiving endoscopic treatment with adjuvant MMC were screened and selected from a retrospective database spanning from May 2022 to July 2023 at IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (Rozzano, Italy). Demographic data, bronchoscopic findings, and treatment-related outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 16 patients were included in the study. Subglottic stenosis was the most common condition, occurring in 88.9% of cases. All procedures were completed safely without intraoperative or postoperative complications or conversion to open surgery. Re-stenosis occurred in 6 (37.5%) cases, with a median time to recurrence of 136.5 (+/- 43.9) days, requiring additional treatments. At last follow-up, all included patients were asymptomatic, except for two who reported mild dyspnea. Conclusions: Submucosal MMC injections represent a safe and promising delivery method in the endoscopic treatment of LTS and may provide a more durable effect on the stenosis reducing the risk of recurrence. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate MMC's effectiveness and develop standardized treatment protocols.