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Is Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Commonly Associated with Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)? Critical Review of the Literature and ACTH Expression in Resected SCLC

The literature emphasizes that pulmonary ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS) is associated not only with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but also with small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). This statement is debatable, because extrapulmonary ECS is associated with NETs in the vast majority of cases and very rarely with neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Therefore, we critically reviewed the literature on SCLCs associated with ECS (ECS-SCLC) and performed immunohistochemical analysis of ACTH expression i...

Unveiling the Prognostic Role of Synaptophysin in Conventional Colorectal Carcinomas

Introduction: Although neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) has been extensively reported, the biological behavior of adenocarcinomas expressing synaptophysin (Syn) but lacking typical neuroendocrine morphology remains unclear. Methods: We tested 663 conventional CRCs with non-neuroendocrine morphology for Syn expression and correlated the results with clinicopathological and molecular characteristics as well as patient survival (overall survival [OS] and disease-fre...

Clinicopathological Correlates of Hormone Expression-Based Subtypes of Non-Functioning Duodenal/Ampullary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multicenter Study of 151 Cases

: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (Duo-NETs) may arise in the ampullary and non-ampullary duodenum. Non-functioning Duo-NETs (NF-Duo-NETs), which account for most cases, may express various hormones. Previous studies have suggested that hormone production might be associated with biological aggressiveness. Current treatment protocols are based on functionality, tumor size, and location, but small NF-Duo-NETs may also have metastatic potential. We aimed to investigate whether tumor cell subtypi...

Malignant mesothelioma-associated inflammatory microenvironment promotes tumor progression via GPNMB

BackgroundTumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are the main immune component of the tumor stroma with heterogeneous functional activities, predominantly suppressing the immune response and promoting tumor progression, also via secretion of different factors. Among these, GPNMB (Glycoprotein non-metastatic B) is usually associated with disease progression in several tumor types. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) a severe neoplasia with poor prognosis, is characterized by an abundancy of TAMs...

Immune evasion mechanisms in early-stage I high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: insights into regulatory T cell dynamics

The mechanisms driving immune evasion in early-stage I high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Our findings revealed a highly immunosuppressive HGSOC microenvironment, characterized by abundant infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Trajectory analysis uncovered differentiation pathways of na & iuml;ve Tregs, which underwent either activation and proliferation or transcriptional insta...

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