Early functional and transcriptomic changes in the myocardium predict outcome in a long-term rat model of sepsis

Myocardial function is depressed in sepsis and is an important prognosticator in the human condition. Using echocardiography in a long-term, fluid-resuscitated Wistar rat model of fecal peritonitis we investigated whether depressed myocardial function could be detected at an early stage of sepsis and, if so, whether the degree of depression could predict eventual outcome. At 6 hours' post-insult, a stroke volume <0.17ml prognosticated 3-day mortality with positive and negative predictive values of 93% and 80%, respectively. Subsequent fluid loading studies demonstrated intrinsic myocardial depression with poor prognosis animals tolerating less fluid than either good prognosis or sham-operated animals. Cardiac gene expression analysis at 6 hours detected 527 transcripts significantly up- or down-regulated by the septic process, including genes related to inflammatory and cell cycle pathways. Predicted mortality was associated with significant differences in transcripts of genes expressing proteins related to the TLR-2/MyD88 and JAK-STAT inflammatory pathways, b-adrenergic signaling and intracellular calcium cycling. Our findings highlight the presence of myocardial depression in early sepsis and its prognostic significance. Transcriptomic analysis in heart tissue identified changes in signaling pathways that correlated with clinical dysfunction. These pathways merit further study to both better understand and potentially modify the disease process