Latarjet, Bristow, and Eden-Hybinette Procedures for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Systematic Review and Quantitative Synthesis of the Literature

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome, rate of recurrence, complications, and rate of postoperative osteoarthritis in patients with anterior shoulder instability managed with Latarjet, Bristow, or Eden-Hybinette procedures. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature on management of anterior dislocation of the shoulder with glenoid bony procedures was performed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases using various combinations of the keywords "shoulder," "dislocation," "treatment," "Latarjet," "Bristow," "bone loss," "Eden-Hybinette," "iliac," "bone," "block," "clinical," "outcome," and "Bankart." The following data were extracted: demographics, bone defects and other lesions, type of surgery, outcome measurement, range of motion (ROM), recurrence of instability, complications, and osteoarthritis. A quantitative synthesis of all comparative studies was performed to compare bone block procedures and Bankart repair in terms of postoperative recurrence of instability and osteoarthritis. RESULTS: Forty-six studies were included and 3,211 shoulders were evaluated. The mean value of the Coleman Methodology Score (CMS) was 65 points. Preoperatively, the injuries detected most were glenoid bone loss and Bankart lesions. The Eden-Hybinette procedure had the highest rate of postoperative osteoarthritis and recurrence. Pooled results from comparative studies showed that the bone block procedures were associated with a lower rate of recurrence when compared with Bankart repair (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.74; P = .002), whereas there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative osteoarthritis (P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: The open Bristow-Latarjet procedure continues to be a valid surgical option to treat patients with anterior shoulder instability. Bone block procedures were associated with a lower rate of recurrence when compared with the Bankart repair. The Eden-Hybinette procedure has clinical outcomes very similar to the Bristow-Latarjet technique but has a higher rate of postoperative osteoarthritis and recurrence. An arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet procedure seems to be better in terms of prevention of recurrence and rehabilitation, but randomized studies are needed to reach definitive conclusions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level II, III, and IV studies.