Gut microbiota and its influence on ovarian cancer carcinogenesis, anticancer therapy and surgical treatment: A literature review

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and very little is known about the underlying tumorigenesis mechanisms. For other tumors, like colorectal cancer, a relationship between several opportunistic pathogens and cancer development and progression has been proven. Recent researches also underline a possible correlation between gut microbiota dysbiosis and cancer treatment efficacy and adverse effects. Several studies have also demonstrated a link between abdominal surgery and gut microbiota modifications. In this paper, we aim to review the available evidences of this issue in OC to understand if there is a relationship between gut microbiota modifications and efficacy and adverse effects of cancer therapies, either surgical and medical treatments. Well-designed clinical studies, with a robust translational component, are required to better understand the modulation of gut microbiota during OC treatment. The microbiota/microbiome composition analysis, in the near future, could represent a novel instrument to personalize anticancer therapies.